The Canadian government was slow in responding to efforts by China and India to interfere in the country's elections but their outcome was unaffected by the meddling, an official probe said in a final report released on Tuesday.

An inquiry into foreign interference in Canada’s recent elections is calling on intelligence agencies and the federal government to urgently reform how they respond to meddling by China, India and other state actors before the next national vote.

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau should have acted quicker to protect Canadian elections from outside meddling, a government commission said, shaking trust in democratic institutions.

In her seven-volume final report, Justice Marie-Josée Hogue, the commissioner of the public inquiry into foreign interference, detailed what she thinks are the greatest threats to Canadian democracy,